Any player who suspects that the card discarded by a player do not match the rank called can challenge the play by calling 'Cheat!' If they are all of the rank that was called, the challenge is false, and the challenger must pick up the whole discard pile. If you have your own cheat files that you'd like to keep as is, you may add the title IDs of the corresponding games, one ID per line, to /config/cheats-updater/exclude.txt. Use to find the title ID of a game. Github release: https://github.com/HamletDuFromage/switch-cheats-updater/releases.

• How To Cheat At Switch Card Games
• How To Cheat At Switch Card Game Games
• Cheat Card Game

Cheat (also known as Bullshit, B.S., Bluff, or I Doubt It^[3]) is a card game where the players aim to get rid of all of their cards.^[4][5] It is a game of deception, with cards being played face-down and players being permitted to lie about the cards they have played. A challenge is usually made by players calling out the name of the game, and the loser of a challenge has to pick up every card played so far. Cheat is classed as a party game.^[4] As with many card games, cheat has an oral tradition and so people are taught the game under different names.

Rules[edit]

One pack of 52 cards is used for four or fewer players; five or more players should combine two 52-card packs. Shuffle the cards and deal them as evenly as possible among the players. No cards should be left. Some players may end up with one card more or less than other players. Players may look at their hands.

A player's turn consists of discarding one or more cards face down, and calling out their rank - which may be a lie.^[6]

The player who sits to the left of the dealer (clockwise) takes the first turn, and must call aces. The second player does the same, and must call twos. Play continues like this, increasing rank each time, with aces following kings.^[6]

If any player thinks another player is lying, they can call the player out by shouting 'Cheat' (or 'Bluff', 'I doubt it', etc.), and the cards in question are revealed to all players. If the accused player was indeed lying, they have to take the whole pile of cards into their hand. If the player was not lying, the caller must take the pile into their hand. Once the next player has placed cards, however, it is too late to call out any previous players.^[6]

/star-wars-revenge-of-the-sith-game-cheat-codes.html. The game ends when any player runs out of cards, at which point they win.

Variants[edit]

• A common British variant allows a player to pass their turn if they don’t wish to lie or if all the cards of the required rank have clearly been previously played.
• Some variants allow a rank above or below the previous rank to be called.^[6] Others allow the current rank to be repeated or progress down through ranks instead of up.^[6]
• Some variants allow only a single card to be discarded during a turn.
• In some variations a player may also lie about the number of cards they are playing, if they feel confident that other players will not notice the discrepancy. This is challenged and revealed in the usual manner.^[6]
• In another variant, players must continue placing cards of the same rank until someone calls 'Cheat' or everyone decides to pass a turn.

International variants[edit]

The game is commonly known as 'Cheat' in Britain and 'Bullshit' in the United States.^[6]

Mogeln[edit]

The German and Austrian variant is for four or more players and is variously known as Mogeln ('cheat'), Schwindeln ('swindle'), Lügen ('lie') or Zweifeln ('doubting').^[7] A 52-card pack is used (two packs with more players) and each player is dealt the same number of cards, any surplus being dealt face down to the table. The player who has the Ace of Hearts leads by placing it face down on the table (on the surplus cards if any). The player to the left follows and names his discard as the Two of Hearts and so on up to the King. Then the next suit is started. Any player may play a card other than the correct one in the sequence, but if his opponents suspect him of cheating, they call gemogelt! ('cheated!'). The card is checked and if it is the wrong card, the offending player has to pick up the entire stack. If it is the right card, the challenger has to pick up the stack. The winner is the first to shed all their cards; the loser is the last one left holding any cards.^[8]

Verish' Ne Verish'[edit]

The Russian game Verish' Ne Verish' ('Trust, don't trust') - described by David Parlett as 'an ingenious cross between Cheat and Old Maid'^[9] - is also known as Russian Bluff, Chinese Bluff or simply as Cheat.

The game is played with 36 cards (two or three player) or 52 (four or more). One card is removed at random before the game and set aside face-down, and the remainder are dealt between players (even if this results in players having differently sized hands of cards).^[9]

The core of the game is played in the same manner as Cheat, except that the rank does not change as play proceeds around the table: every player must call the same rank.^[9]

Whenever players pick up cards due to a bluff being called, they may – if they wish – reveal four of the same rank from their hand, and discard them.^[10]

In some variants, if the player does not have any of the rank in their hand, they may call 'skip' or 'pass' and the next player takes their turn. If every player passes, the cards on the table are removed from the game, and the last player begins the next round.^{[citation needed]}

Canadian/Spanish Bluff[edit]

Similar to Russian Bluff, it is a version used by at least some in Canada and known in Spain. The rules are rather strict and, while a variation, is not open to much variation. It is also known in English as Fourshit (single deck) and Eightshit (double deck), the game involves a few important changes to the standard rules. Usually two decks are used^[6] instead of one so that there are 8 of every card as well as four jokers (Jokers are optional), though one deck may be used if desired. Not all ranks are used; the players can arbitrarily choose which ranks to use in the deck and, if using two decks, should use one card for each player plus two or three more. Four players may choose to use 6,8,10,J,Q,K,A or may just as easily choose 2,4,5,6,7,9,J,K, or any other cards. This can be a useful way to make use of decks with missing cards as those ranks can be removed. The four jokers are considered wild and may represent any card in the game.

The first player can be chosen by any means.^[11] The Spanish variation calls for a bidding war to see who has the most of the highest card. The winner of the challenge is the first player. In Canada, a version is the first player to be dealt a Jack face up, and then the cards are re dealt face down.

The first player will make a 'claim' of any rank of cards and an amount of their choice. In this version each player in turn must play as many cards as they wish of the same rank.^[6] The rank played never goes up, down nor changes in any way. If the first player plays kings, all subsequent players must also play kings for that round (it is non-incremental). Jokers represent the card of the rank being played in each round, and allow a legal claim of up to 11 of one card (seven naturals and four jokers).^[12] A player may play more cards than they claim to play though hiding cards under the table or up the sleeve is not allowed. After any challenge, the winner begins a new round by making a claim of any amount of any card rank.

If at any point a player picks up cards and has all eight natural cards of a certain rank, he declares this out loud and removes them from the game. If a player fails to do this and later leads a round with this rank, he or she automatically loses the game.

Once a player has played all his or her cards, he or she is out of that particular hand. Play continues until there are only two players (at which point some cards have probably been removed from the game). The players continue playing until there is a loser. The object of the game is not so much to win, but not be the loser. The loser is usually penalised by the winners either in having the dishonour of losing, or having to perform a forfeit.

China/Iranian Bullshit[edit]

In the Fujian province, a version of the game known as 吹牛 ('bragging') or 说谎 ('lying') is played with no restriction on the rank that may be called each turn, and simply requiring that each set is claimed to be of the same number.

On any given turn, a player may 'pass' instead of playing. If all players pass consecutively, then the face-down stack of played cards is taken out of the game until the next bluff is called. The player who previously called a rank then begins play again. ^[6]

This version, also sometimes called Iranian Bullshit,^[13] is often played with several decks shuffled together, allowing players to play (or claim to play) large numbers of cards of the same rank.^[6]

Sweden[edit]

Known as bluffstopp (a portmanteau of bluff ('bluff') and stoppspel ('shedding game'.)) Players are given six (or seven) cards at the start of the game, and the remainder makes a pile. Players are restricted to follow suit, and play a higher rank, but are allowed to bluff. If a player is revealed to be bluffing, or a player fails to call or a bluff, the player draws three cards from the pile.

Additional rules and players to play more than one card in secret, and drop cards in their lap. But if this is discovered, the player must draw three or even six cards.

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abChildren's Card Games by USPC Co. Retrieved 22 April 2019
2. ^Kartenspiele für Kinder - Beschäftigung für Schmuddelwetter at www.vaterfreuden.de. Retrieved 23 April 2019
3. ^Guide to games: Discarding games: How to play cheat, The Guardian, 22 November 2008, [1] retrieved 28 March 2011
4. ^ ^abThe Pan Book of Card Games, p288, PAN, 1960 (second edition), Hubert Phillips
5. ^The Oxford A-Z of Card Games, David Parlett, Oxford University Press, ISBN0-19-860870-5
6. ^ ^abcdefghijk'Rules of Card Games: Bullshit / Cheat / I Doubt It'. Pagat.com. 22 March 2011. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
7. ^Geiser 2004, p. 48. sfn error: no target: CITEREFGeiser2004 (help)
8. ^Gööck 1967, p. 31. sfn error: no target: CITEREFGööck1967 (help)
9. ^ ^abcParlett, David (2000). The Penguin encyclopedia of card games (New ed.). Penguin. ISBN0140280324.
10. ^'Rules of Card Games: Verish' ne verish''. Pagat.com. 17 November 1996. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
11. ^'Dupyup.com'. Dupyup.com. Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
12. ^'Bullshit, the Card Game'. Khopesh.tripod.com. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
13. ^'Board Games'. The Swamps of Jersey. Retrieved 29 November 2020.

Further reading[edit]

• Geiser, Remigius (2004). '100 Kartenspiele des Landes Salzburg', in Talon, Issue 13.
• Gööck, Roland (1967). Freude am Kartenspiel, Bertelsmann, Gütersloh.
• Albert Morehead (1996). Official Rules of Card Games. Ballantine Books. ISBN0-449-91158-6.
• USPC Card Game Rule Archive (under the name 'I Doubt It') accessed on 2006-05-10.

Switch, also called Two Four Jacks or Irish Switch,^[1] or Last Card, in New Zealand, is a shedding-type card game for two or more players that is popular in the United Kingdom, Ireland and as alternative incarnations in other regions. The sole aim of Switch is to discard all of the cards in one's hand; the first player to play his or her final card, and ergo have no cards left, wins the game. Switch is very similar to the games UNO, Flaps and Mau Mau, both belonging to the larger Crazy Eights or Shedding family of card games.^[2]

The game is also commonly known as Jack Changes, Crazy Eights, Take Two, Black Jack and Peanuckle in the UK and Ireland.

If a user ends on a so-called 'fire card', a user is able to pick up, and put down another 'fire card' immediately unless stated beforehand.An Ace can be used as any card.

Objective[edit]

Switch is played with a regular, single deck of playing cards, or with two standard decks (shuffled into one) if there is a large number of players.

Each player at their turn may play any card from their hand that matches the suitor the rank of the card previously played; for example, if the previous card was a seven of clubs, the next player may put down any seven card, or any club card, from their hand. Should the player not have any card available to play, they must pick up one card.

Game rules[edit]

Players are initially dealt a similar sized hand of cards (often seven per person), but the exact number may vary depending on how many players are present. The remainder of the deck is placed face down and serve as a 'pool' or drawing stack. At the beginning of the game the topmost card from the 'pool' is revealed and, so long as this card is not a trick card, play begins. (Switch may not start with a trick card, and so if the 'starting card' is a trick card, cards shall continue to be selected from the pool until a non-trick card is revealed.)

The first to play (generally, the player on the dealer's left) should select from his or her hand a card that matches either, the suit or the rank of the open card (the card that is 'top'); for example, on a 9 of spades, only a spade card or a 9 may be played. If a player is not able to place a card, he draws cards from the stack until he is able to play a card. A player may choose to withhold a card due to personal strategy but will incur the penalty of having to pick a card from the deck.

If the drawing stack is run down and becomes empty, the playing stack or discard pile (except for the topmost card) is shuffled, and placed face down to become the new 'pool.'

If the last player, at the point of when the second last player has said 'Last Card', and has ended the game, the last standing player, or the lost player, can bring the player back into the game, provided the player has all logical moves remaining in hand. If the player does have all logical moves, the second last player is brought back into the game, as a form of resurrection, to re-compete. Should the last player not have all logical moves, that player loses the game.

Power Cards[edit]

How To Cheat At Switch Card Games

In Switch some cards are known as 'power' or 'trick' cards, because their being played directly affects the gameplay:

• 2: If a player places a two (of any suit) down, the next player is required to pick up two cards. One player may not place two 2 cards at the same time. If the next player has a two, they may place it down instead of taking cards, requiring the next player to take four. This continues until a player with no two has to pick up the current total. A player that draws cards after a two has been played is usually not permitted to put any more cards down.
• Q: The player may place any card of their choice onto the queen.
• 8: The next player misses their turn. Normally, the next player may not play an 8 to continue the power, as they could with the 2; however, if this rule is included, then 8s will continue to be played, until the flow reaches a player without an 8, in which case they will miss a number of turns equivalent to the number of 8s played previously.
• Ten: The ten reverses the play direction.
• Black Jack: When the Black Jack is played, the next player must pick up the same number of cards dealt or play another Black Jack and the following player must then pick up double that. If a player has both Black Jacks then they can play both of them at the same time, to then cause the next person to pick up.
• Red Jack: Is best played when a Black Jack is played as this will cancel the pick up Black Jack rule. One Red Jack cancels one Black Jack.
• Ace: can be played regardless of the suit or value of the topmost card on the playing deck—that is, the Ace may be played at any time in the game. When playing an Ace, the player can decide freely the suit that has to be played next; from then on, play continues as normal, but on the suit selected by the player of the Ace.
• 10: If a player has a 10, they can place any card of the same suit down, but from then it must carry on in order. For example, if the 10 of hearts is placed, then the player can put down a 7 of hearts. However, after this they have to put down an eight of hearts, or a six of hearts, or a 7 of a different suit, or move on to the next player.

When a player has only one remaining card they must remember to say 'last card' aloud before their turn has ended, to inform the other players that they are about to win. If a player should fail to do so before the next player has started their turn they may be penalised, often to the cost of picking up one card immediately (over and above any picking up as a matter of routine course in the game).

Endgame[edit]

As soon as a player plays their last card they win the game. If the last card is a power card they must draw another card as a game can not end with a power card. The game can continue until all the players get rid of their cards.

Last Card rule[edit]

In some games, the 'Last Card Rule' can be applied, whereby if a player is down to one card they must say 'Knocking' before their turn ends. If they do not, they must pick up another card (or 5 if playing Turbo Switch). Although not an official rule, it is a rule widely accepted across Ireland and the UK. A player can also not end on a double of one card.

In the variant known as Peaknuckle, players with two cards remaining in their hand must say 'peaknuckle' and a player with only one card must say 'super-peaknuckle'. Failing to say either will result in the player picking up another card, if noticed by another player.

Also in Peanuckle the 7 card means a player can play a run of cards that link, ie: 7, 8, 9, K, J and 3A player can also use an ace to change suit in these runs as well as being able to change suit using cards of the same value from another suit.

Ie: 7(H), 4(H), 4(S), 3(S), 9(S), A(S), and 5(D)Two win ace because the ace present 'one'

Variations[edit]

Black Jack[edit]

'Black Jack' is the name of a shedding card game which shares its name with the casino card game Blackjack. It is a variant of Crazy Eights.

Dealing[edit]

The dealer deals each player 7 cards (or 5 cards if there are more than 4 people), then places a single card face-up on the table and the remainder of the deck in a pile face-down on the table.

A pre-determined method is used to decide which player plays first. It is usually the player left of the dealer who plays first. The game continues from there going clockwise. Play starts from the single card facing up.

Player turns[edit]

• On each turn, the player attempts to place cards from their hand onto the stack.
• A card can only be placed in the stack if it matches either the rank or suit of the top card.
• A player can place consecutive cards of the same suit down to remove more cards.
• If a player cannot take their turn, they pick up a card from the remaining deck.
• If a player makes an error by placing an illegal card down (putting a card or cards down which goes against the rules of the game such as attempting to put a 7H on top of a 8S, or attempting a run containing one or more illegal cards) or putting a card down a wrong time (when it is not their turn, this is an easy mistake to make such as forgetting that the previous player putting an eight down makes them skip their turn), then this is declared a 'blunder' and the offending player must take back the card(s) they attempted to put down and pick up two more cards from the remaining deck as a penalty.
• Once the player has played their turn, they must say 'Last card' if they only have one card left. If another player thinks that they can play their cards in one turn they say 'cards'. If they fail to do so, there is a penalty (see Endgame). An alternate method of doing this is 'knocking'. If a player thinks he can win on his next turn, he must warn the other players by making a knocking noise on the table or by saying 'knocking' (or both). If they fail to do so, there is a penalty.

Magic cards[edit]

Certain cards have special effects on the gameplay.

• Aces: The player who puts down an ace nominates a new suit, which all the players must follow. The ace can be put down at any time, of any suit, it does not have to follow the suit that the last card was, with a run on top of it if possible. It can also be used to block a two.
• Two: The next player is forced to pick up two cards unless he is able to lay another two, black Jack or an ace which makes the next player pick up the cards. Alternatively, a red jack can be used to cancel the card pickup or an ace. One red jack cancels one black Jack.
• Seven: All other cards held by that player in the same suit as the 7 may be played.
• Eight: The next player misses a turn unless they have an eight.
• Black Jack: A Black Jack causes the next player to pick up 5 cards, unless he can follow with another black jack. If one red jack is placed one black jack is cancelled.
• Red Jack: One red jack cancels one black jack.
• Queen: A queen can be covered by a card of any suit or rank.
• King: Reverses order of play.

Endgame[edit]

The first player to get rid of all of their cards wins the game. The game may end once a player has got rid of all his cards, or the remaining players may continue playing until everyone has got rid of their cards (when done a player is declared to have 'got out') bar one player (this player is declared 'last place' or 'the loser' and he may be eliminated if there is an unwieldy number of people wanting to play).

If the player places their last card, but failed to say 'Last card' at the end of their previous turn, then they must pick up two cards from the remaining deck (even if the player had multiple cards). A player can also declare their final card by 'knocking', usually by tapping the playing table.

Black Jack Variants[edit]

1. Some variants may include a joker (usually only one, although the players may opt to include 2 jokers).
2. The player is not allowed to finish on an ace or any power card
3. Multiple cards can be placed on a single turn, where each card matches the previous card in rank or suit. There is no limit to the number of cards which can be played, but the player may not finish by placing more than one card.
4. A 3, a 7 or a 10 is sometimes used as the reverse card instead of the king.
5. The Queen is sometimes a 'SLAG' which means she can be covered by any card, not only one of her suit.
6. Runs within a suit are sometimes allowed (in both ascending and descending order), for example with a top card of 6 of clubs it would be possible to play the 6, 7, 8, and 9 of diamonds.
7. The King, when it is not 'reverse', is sometimes used as a 'got to cover' card, in which, the player placing the king must also place a chosen card from the suit of the king.
8. In some variants a player can end by placing a sequence of cards down.
9. When placing 'pick up' cards the black jacks and twos can be placed together giving a maximum pick up number of 18, so a move such as (JS, 2S, 2H, 2D, 2C, JC) would be a valid and legal move.
10. The value of the number of cards required to pick up after a black jack is player varies depending on the number of cards dealt to each player at the beginning of the game.
11. Red Jacks do not cancel black Jacks, instead they can be combined with black Jacks. One must pick up three additional cards per red Jack.

These rules tend to lead to faster play, and can make gameplay more exciting as sometimes a large number of cards can be played in a single turn by taking full advantage of both of these rules in a single turn (for instance with the 6 of clubs on top, it would be possible to play 6D, 6H, 6S, 7S, 8S, 9S, 10S, JS, JC, 10C, 9C in a single turn).Using the king and queen rules from the above list, it would be possible to have this as a move, (If the 6 of clubs is on the top of the deck, the next player could play, KC, 10C, JC, QC, 3C, 5C, 8C, 7C, 7D, 6D, 5D, 5S, 4S, 3S etc. until they cannot place another card)

1. Can be played with two decks of cards if more than five people are playing.
2. Is quite similar in several ways to the game Uno.
3. Is often referred to as 7 Card Blackjack to differentiate between Casino game with the same name.

In some games the eight is used as a play again card

Jacks, Twos and Eights[edit]

'Jacks Twos and Eights' (J28 for short) evolved from earlier forms of rummy with the intention of being a faster, more complex game.^{[citation needed]}

The deck[edit]

J28 is played with a standard 52-card pack of playing cards or if there is a large number of people playing one game then two packs may be mixed together and dealt as normal.

Dealing[edit]

Dealership alternates from round to round (the dealer to the first round is usually determined by cutting the deck and then the lowest card deals). The dealer deals a seven-card hand to each player. After seven cards are dealt the next card is placed face up in the centre of the table, this is the 'discard' pile. The remainder of the pack is placed face down next to the 'discard' pile, and is called the 'stock'. The next non-dealing player to the right of the dealer lays the first card.

Play[edit]

On each turn, a player plays a card or a run of card on to the discard pile. This card must be of the same suit, or the same value, a heart on a heart or a 10 on a 10. Once this card has been laid it is possible for that player to continue laying cards if a run of several cards is possible. There are several possible combinations the run may be formed from:

• The player may lay a set of same value cards, on top of a 10 of hearts they may lay a number of 10s regardless of suit.
• The player may lay a run of numbers either ascending or descending, on top of a 10 of hearts they may lay a 2, 3, 4, 5, of hearts, or a King, Queen, Jack of hearts. The run must not skip numbers, and must be of the same suit as each other and the card they are being laid upon.
• The player may lay a combination of the two above. They may lay a set of same value cards, three 10s then providing that they follow on suit and begin at them next number lay a run of cards, for example. On top of a 10 of hearts a player may lay: 9 of hearts, 9 of spades, 8 of spades, 7 of spades and 7 of clubs.
• If the player is unable to lay any card then the player must pick up a card from the stock pile. If the player is then able to play then they can lay a card down on this go.

Game rules[edit]

There are several rules which apply to certain cards in the game which change how the cards can be laid.

• Jacks can be played at any time on top of any card. Not only can it be played at any time in the game it also allows the player to change the suit of the cards to the one they prefer. For example, if a Jack is played the suit can be changed to hearts, then the player is allowed to lay a heart and any other appropriate cards on that go.
• If a 2 is played then the next player must pick up two cards, unless they can play a 2. This continues around the circle until a player is not able to play a 2. When this happens the player must pick up a number of cards (determined by the number or 2s laid multiplied by 2)
• If an 8 is played the next person in the game must play an 8 also. Again this continues around the circle until a player is unable to lay an eight. This player must then miss a number of goes (determined by the number of 8s laid)
• Another rule is that if a player has an ace of hearts the player next in turn must pick up 5 cards, unless they have an ace of spades, this cancels out the 5 cards they must pick up.

Play continues, until one player no longer has any cards to lay. On a player's last card, “last card” must be said on their previous go in order to allow them to lay the card on their last go. One exception to this is if the player is able to end the game with a run or set of same value cards. The game cannot end on a Jack of any suit, 2 of any suit or 8 of any suit. The winner is the first player to have an empty hand.

Take Two[edit]

Very similar to Switch, but with some changes. Played with a 52 card deck (No jokers) or a 54 card deck (With jokers.)

Dealing[edit]

The dealer deals each player 5 cards, then places a single card face-up on the table and the remainder of the deck in a pile face-down on the table.

The player left of the dealer plays first. The game continues from there going clockwise. Play starts from the single card facing up.

Rules[edit]

The player whose turn it is has to place a card of the same value (5 of hearts on a 5 of diamonds) or of the same suit (5 of spades on a 3 of spades). If the player cannot play any card they must take two cards from the deck. When a player is on their last card they must say 'last card'. A player cannot finish on a trick card. If a player cannot finish they must take two cards from the deck. If a player makes a mistake (e.g. places a card of the wrong suit down) they must fix the mistake and take two cards from the deck.

The game has trick cards like Switch but has less:

2: if a player places a two down, the next player is required to pick up two cards. Should that player have a two himself, however, he may place it down, requiring the next player to pick up four; if he has a two, he may place it, requiring the next player to pick up six; this may continue until the flow reaches a player who does not have a two in his hand, at which point he is required to pick up the required number of cards.

8: if a player puts an eight down, the next player misses their go.

Jack: the jack can reverse the order of play OR skip a player depending on house rules.

Ace: an ace may be placed regardless of the suit, an ace allows the person who places it to change the suit.

Once a player runs out of cards they have won, the game goes on until there is only 1 person left.

House Rules[edit]

How To Cheat At Switch Card Game Games

Decided by the host of the game.

Whether or not placing two or more cards of the same value at once is allowed (placing two 5s in the same turn).

Whether or not placing an ace requires the same suit.

Pitfall wii game cheats. Whether a jack skips a player or reverses the order.

Whether or not jokers are used, if they are the next player must take 5 cards from the deck when they are player. Jokers are rarely used.

When using an ace of spades it may be placed on either the ace of hearts, or a 2 if any suit.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Cheat Card Game

1. ^Oxford Dictionary of Card Games, David Parlett pg. 291 Oxford University Press (1996) ISBN0-19-869173-4
2. ^Oxford Dictionary of Card Games, David Parlett, pg. 291 - Oxford University Press 1996 ISBN0-19-869173-4